331_1 interference 1. On 20 July 2012 the applicant participated in a demonstration in Moscow to raise public awareness of constitutional rights and freedoms. The demonstration had been approved by the authorities. During the demonstration, the applicant held a banner which read “Russia without Putin”. He was supported by other participants. Police officers who were present on the spot repeatedly ordered the applicant to remove the banner. As the applicant refused to comply, he was arrested and taken to the police station for the purposes of compiling an administrative offence record. During the arrest, the applicant physically resisted the police officers and pushed them away.