134_55 substantive_scope 55. The Court reiterates at the outset that the right to freedom of assembly covers both private meetings and meetings in public thoroughfares as well as static meetings and public processions; this right can be exercised both by individual participants and by those organising the assembly (see Djavit An v. Turkey, no. 20652/92, § 56, ECHR 2003-III, and Christians against Racism and Fascism v. the United Kingdom, no. 8440/78, Commission decision of 16 July 1980, Decisions and Reports 21, p. 138, at p. 148). The term “restrictions” in paragraph 2 of Article 11 must be interpreted as including both measures taken before or during the public assembly, and those – such as punitive measures – taken after the meeting (see Ezelin v. France, judgment of 26 April 1991, Series A no. 202, § 39).