### Substantive Scope and Proportionality in Freedom of Assembly
#Proportionality and Legitimate Aims
1. **Interference and Proportionality**:
- The Court frequently refers to its established case-law regarding the proportionality of interference with the right to freedom of assembly. Any interference must be "prescribed by law," pursue one or more legitimate aims under Article 11(2), and be "necessary in a democratic society" to achieve those aims (
432_34,
440_21,
553_59,
605_11,
608_8,
609_8,
610_8,
611_8,
612_8,
617_8,
618_9,
620_8,
622_8,
623_8,
624_8,
625_8,
628_8,
630_8,
632_8,
633_8,
634_8,
635_8,
637_8,
639_8,
640_8,
641_11,
643_8,
644_8,
648_8,
649_8,
650_8,
652_8,
653_8,
654_8,
658_8,
659_8,
660_8,
661_8,
663_9,
664_8,
665_8,
668_9,
669_8,
672_8,
673_8,
676_8,
677_9,
683_8,
684_8,
686_8,
688_8,
689_8,
690_8).
2. **Case-Specific Findings**:
- In some cases, the Court found that the interferences with the applicants’ freedom of assembly were not “necessary in a democratic society” (
606_10,
636_10,
642_10,
685_10).
3. **Proportionality of Interference**:
- The term "restrictions" in Article 11(2) includes measures taken before, during, and after the public assembly, such as punitive measures. The Court frequently refers to its established case-law regarding freedom of assembly and the proportionality of interference with it (
605_11,
608_8,
609_8,
610_8,
611_8,
612_8,
617_8,
618_9,
620_8,
622_8,
623_8,
624_8,
625_8,
628_8,
630_8,
632_8,
633_8,
634_8,
635_8,
637_8,
639_8,
640_8,
641_11,
643_8,
644_8,
648_8,
649_8,
650_8,
652_8,
653_8,
654_8,
658_8,
659_8,
660_8,
661_8,
663_9,
664_8,
665_8,
668_9,
669_8,
672_8,
673_8,
676_8,
677_9,
683_8,
684_8,
686_8,
688_8,
689_8,
690_8).